Bridge, structure that spans horizontally between supports, whose function is to carry vertical loads. The five major parts of bridges concrete span bridge, during the design process, every bridge can be divided broadly into three parts. Nabeel albayati published structural bridge designchapter 2 bridge components 2017 find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The superstructure of the bridge structure consists of deck slab, girder, truss etc.
Learn more about the history and design of bridges in this article. A pdf document of the design notes section contained on this website. The principal components of a rolling lift bridge are 1 a counterweight for each span and 2 rolling tread plates that are joined to 3 semicircular sector plate assemblies that have 4 a drive pinion located right in the center of each sector circle figure 1. A counterweight, typically used on lift bridges, draw bridges, or bascule bridges, is a weight that stabilizes and provides balance for the bridge lift system. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, usually something that can be detrimental to cross otherwise. Bridge parts structure and components of bridge history of bridges. Piles and pile caps are constructed as the foundation of the bridge.
The slope that tapers from the abutment to the underpass called embankment which is covered. Bridge structure having a span of more than 20 feet 6. The five major parts of bridges concrete span bridge. Design guide bridge, wharf, jetty, culvert and crossing. A bridge is a manmade structure built to avoid physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as a body of water, valley, or road. Finally, the purpose and function of the major bridge components are described in detail. File number description of changes toc1 thru 4 revised dates. Components parts of a bridge concrete and steel bridges parts. It is designed to resist water flow and break up ice, which helps reduce the pressure these elements place on a bridge. Highway systems main damage was to bridge structures. O superstructure or decking this includes slab, girder, truss, etc. Manual of the structure and bridge division, volume v part 1 preface manual overview and use provides information on the structure and content of this manual, defines terms and references used throughout this manual and contains structure and bridge division update requirements when changes are made to this manual.
Followings are the basic components of a suspension bridge structural system. The bridge structure consists of the following components. A bridge is a structure providing passage over an obstacle without closing the way beneath. Different types of bridges bridge and its components. Components of a bridge an introduction arificial intelligence slides bridge. Pile foundation is the most commonly used foundation system for bridges. A cutwater is a wedgeshaped component added onto a bridge pier. Nabeel albayati published structural bridge designchapter 2 bridge components 2017 find, read and cite all the research.
Bridge components and elements birm cedengineering. Material of sub grade should be strong enough to bear the loads, easily accessible and available in the vicinity and cheap. Components parts of a bridge concrete and steel bridges. Dec 17, 2019 michigan structure inspection manual bridge inspection updated 12172019 8 1 chapter 8 underwater inspection 8. The 5th edition of the monroe county bridge inventory mcbi book contains pertinent information such as gps coordinates, storm outfalls, railing type, road orientation, and traffic volume. In suspension bridges, long spans can be provided which is essential in many situations. Any part of the bridge or bridge site which is not a major structural component serves some purpose in the overall functionality of the structure e. The sub structure includes piers and abutments, while the superstructure includes the girders, bearings and deck. They extend from bent to bent and support the bridge decking. It gives freedom to the engineer to provide a long span with the help of a cable. Every bridge can be divided broadly into three parts. Various components and parts of a bridge such as superstructure, substructure, bearings of concrete and steel bridges, their types, importance, functions are discussed. Subgrade is the foundation of the road, thus its the lowest and most important component of road structure. Generally speaking, bridges can be divided into two categories.
Along with the components of an overpass, we investigated the site design, constructability, cost influence, and the condition of the current structure. The portion which supports the deck slab and girder and connects one sub structure to the other. That means all the elements of the bridge attached to a supporting system can be categorized as superstructure. These components vary based on the type of bridge whether concrete or steel or composite. Appraisal of the nations bridges the minimum length for a structure carrying. This helps in transmitting the forces formed by the loads to the below substructures. The obstacles to be spanned may belong to a river, a road, railway or a valley. Manual of the structure and bridge division part 5 prestressed concrete adjacent member standards.
Even though there are various types of bridges to be discussed, in this post we will stick to major parts of bridges concrete span bridges. American institute of steel construction aisc manual of steel construction. It is a structure spanning and providing passage over a. The components of the bridge are picked to fit not only its use case scenario pedestrian, highway, railway, transit or industrial bridges but also location on which it is built, the span between its main structural beams and their basic structure arch, beam, cantilever, cablestayed, suspension or other. The main three parts of a bridge are the foundation abutments and piers, the superstructure girder, truss or arch and the deck. Design guide bridge, wharf, jetty, culvert and crossing structures status. Longitudinal structures support and distribute moving vehicle loads. Toms creek bridge, blacksburg, virginia, reopened to traffic june 23, 1997 as one of the first composite shortspan vehicular bridges in the u. A bridge is an arrangement made to cross an obstacle in the form of a low ground or a stream or a river without closing the way beneath. A bridge is a structure for carrying the road traffic or other moving loads over a deep valley or obstruction such as a river, channel, road or railway. The obstacle to be crossed may be a river, a road, railway or a valley.
Breaking down essential parts of a bridge structure term guide. Pdf structural bridge designchapter 2 bridge components 2017. The superstructure of truss bridge is constructed by using trusses which are comprised of many small elements forming triangular trusses. Initially, the bridge may vibrate violently, causing the bridge structure to fail at a few weak elements, or even damage the major components. The open structure of a pier allows water to pass through it, preventing pressure from building up against it.
A pier is a raised structure that sits in a body of water to support a bridge. The company manufactures frp structural shapes, grating, handrail, ladders, planks and numerous other building products. Aug 30, 2016 contents piles and pile cap pier pier cap or transom bearing girders bridge deck bridge is basically a structure that is carrying a road, a path, railway etc. Different types of bridges with pdf file engineering. Pier cap headstock is the component which transfers loads from the. Guidelines for inspecting complex components of bridges. The load acting on the bridge structures are generally divided into two categories. A bridge is a structural marvel which is generally used to pass any type of obstruction that can slow the life of people. The aashto manual for bridge element inspection uses slab. The required passage may be for a road, a railway, pedestrians, a canal or a pipeline. There are three main bridge areas which include all the basic components of bridge. A rolling lift bridge is a structure that rolls on tracks.
A pile is a vertical support structure thats used, in part, to hold up a bridge. The document contains notes regarding the choice of abutment, choice of bearings, preliminary design, reinforced concrete decks, prestressed concrete decks, composite decks, steel box girders, steel truss decks, cable stayed decks, suspension bridges, drainage systems, choice of. In prehistoric times the first bridges were made by spanning the small streams with the help of fallen trees or togs of wood. Sep, 20 a bridge is a structure providing passage over an obstacle without closing the way beneath. Superstructure of the bridge bears the load passing over it.
A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle, such as a body of water, valley, or road, without closing the way underneath. The main components of a bridge are the foundation, substructure, and the superstructure. Fra design guide version a a introduction a1 scope this design guide outlines the design requirements for bridge, wharf, jetty and culverts and crossing structures that are managed by the fiji roads authority fra. Truss is used because it is very rigid structure and it can transfer the load from a single point to much wider area. The bridge, a connecting structure, creates bonding between different disconnected parts of a country, two banks of the ocean or parts of two countries. Main parts of a bridge explained engineeringclicks. Bridge engineering components of bridge structures a bridge is a structure providing passage over an obstacle without closing the way beneath. Breaking down essential parts of a bridge structure term. Components of road structure functions and construction. The first bridges were likely simple logs placed over a stream. Bridge design bridge design and assessment bridge components. Bridge engineering classification of bridges civildigital.
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